Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: An effective tool for determining persistent organic pollutants and nonylphenol in coastal waters in compliance with existing Directives   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Juan Sánchez-Avila  Francesc Ventura  Carlos M. Duarte 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):103-160

A multi-residual method based on stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC-MS) has been developed to measure 49 organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and nonylphenol) in seawater. Using 100 ml of water, the method exhibited good linearity, with recoveries between 86% and 118% and relative standard deviation between 2% and 24% for almost all compounds. The method was applied to determine target contaminants in Catalonian seawater, including coastal areas, ports and desalination plant feed water. Overall individual compound levels oscillated between 0.16 and 597 ng l⁻¹; PAHs and nonylpenol were the compounds found at the highest concentrations. The method provided LODs between 0.011 and 2.5 ng l⁻¹, lower than the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) fixed by Directive 2008/105/EC. In compliance with the directive, this method can be used as a tool to survey target compounds and is aimed at protecting coastal ecosystems from chemical pollution.  相似文献   

山东沿海地区地震海啸研究     

冯志泽  张建民  陈惠云 《华北地震科学》2010,28(1):26-30

地震海啸是一种极其严重的地震次生灾害。山东是世界上最早记录地震海啸的地区。收集整理了山东沿海地区记载的7次地震海啸史料,对每次地震海啸进行了信度评级,认为仅有一次可能是海啸。根据山东沿海地区历史地震海啸、地震类型、沿海地理环境、现代地震海啸记录资料等分析,表明山东沿海未来遭受破坏性地震海啸的可能性较小。  相似文献   

Erosion and accretion processes in a muddy dissipative coast,the Chao Phraya River delta,Thailand     

Katsuto Uehara  Pramot Sojisuporn  Yoshiki Saito  Thanawat Jarupongsakul 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(14):1701-1711

Seasonal variation in seabed elevation in the muddy intertidal zone of the Chao Phraya River delta, an area of serious coastal erosion for 40 years, was assessed using information on waves and tides predicted by numerical simulations. The study area is under the influence of the Southeast Asian monsoon climate and lies in the innermost part of a sheltered gulf, across which a low‐gradient slope has developed. Observations, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a prototype breakwater on mitigating coastal erosion, indicated that the seasonal variation in the seabed elevation, typically about 30 cm, was caused primarily by seasonal changes in wave direction and height. The breakwater seems to have contributed to a net rise in the seabed level at sites behind the structure. Seabed erosion was most apparent during the northeast monsoon, when waves are weak. Erosion under this low wave energy state was attributed to the combined effect of wave breaking and the low tidal level. A difference in the observed seabed accretion rate between the transitional intermonsoon period and the succeeding southwest monsoon period was attributed to the direction of the wave energy flux; offshore sediments seem to have been supplied efficiently to the study area by waves during the transitional period. Another potential cause of seabed erosion and accretion during the wet southwest monsoon season was the discharge of water and sediments from local canals associated with intense tropical rainfall; this discharge seems to be linked to land use in the coastal area. The results of this study show the importance of monitoring across‐shore sediment transport for better understanding of coastal erosion processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

安乐生  刘贯群  叶思源  赵全升  丁喜桂  张建伟 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(4):1157-1165

以黄河三角洲滨海湿地系统为研究对象,基于描述滨海湿地健康条件的4项功能,充分考虑滨海湿地生态地质环境系统的特征及其健康响应因素,建立了黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价的概念模型和指标体系。以统计监测和遥感数据为基础,采用RS和GIS技术,通过栅格化实现分区评价及其结果的优化整合,探讨了黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康的时空分布规律。结果显示：黄河三角洲滨海湿地现状健康条件处于健康的占14.2%,亚健康的占61.9%,一般病态的占23.9%;近期（2010－2015年）,河口三角洲湿地生境质量会逐步改善,向健康方向发展,而北部和南部部分滩涂区及神仙沟流路等局部地区在自然和人为因素的共同作用下,环境质量会有一定的降低;影响黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件的主要因素是全球气候变化背景下的区域水循环关键过程及其时空变化、湿地开发等人类负面干扰和黄河下游生态调度。应继续加大黄河下游生态调度的力度、积极实施生态修复工程,以促进黄河三角洲滨海湿地持续健康发展。  相似文献   

Landscapes on the edge: examining the role of climatic interactions in shaping coastal watersheds using a coastal–terrestrial landscape evolution model          下载免费PDF全文

Christopher Hackney  Stephen E. Darby  Julian Leyland 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(3):313-325

Incised coastal gullies (ICGs) are dynamic features found at the terrestrial‐coastal interface. Their geomorphic evolution is driven by the interactions between processes of fluvial knickpoint migration and coastal cliff erosion. Under scenarios of future climate change the frequency and magnitude of the climatological drivers of both terrestrial (fluvial and hillslope) and coastal (cliff erosion) processes are likely to change, with an adjunct impact on these types of coastal features. Here we explore the response of an incised coastal gully to changes in both terrestrial and coastal climate in order to elucidate the key process interactions which drive ICG evolution. We modify an extant landscape evolution model, CHILD, to incorporate processes of soft‐cliff erosion. This modified version, termed the Coastal‐Terrestrial‐CHILD (CT‐CHILD) model, is then employed to explore the interactions between changing terrestrial and coastal driving forces on the future evolution of an ICG found on the south‐west Isle of Wight, UK. It was found that the magnitude and frequency of storm events will play a key role in determining the future trajectory of ICGs, highlighting a need to understand the role of event sequencing in future projections of landscape evolution. Furthermore, synergistic (positive) and antagonistic (negative) interactions were identified between coastal and terrestrial parameters, such as wave height intensity and precipitation duration, which act to modulate the impact of changes in any one parameter. Of note was the role played by wave height intensity in driving coastal erosion, which was found to play a more important role than sea‐level rise in determining rates of coastal erosion. This highlights the need for a greater focus on wave height in studies of soft‐cliff erosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

集成土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据优化人口空间化模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈晴  侯西勇 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(11):1370-1377

人口统计数据空间化是解决统计数据与自然要素数据融合分析的有效途径。随着RS和GIS技术的发展,人口统计数据空间化方法推陈出新,其中,土地利用数据、夜间灯光数据是人口空间化研究中普遍利用的数据源,但各有优、缺点：土地利用数据中的城镇用地、农村居民点能准确表示人口分布的空间范围,却不能反映其内部的人口密度差异特征;夜间灯光数据的强度信息能体现人口分布的疏密程度,但其像元溢出问题显著夸大人口分布范围,像元过饱和现象也影响着人口数据空间化结果的精度。本研究以中国大陆沿海区域为例,尝试集成土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据优化人口空间化方法,设计了基于精度阈值和动态样本的渐进回归与分区建模的方法,获得了中国沿海2000、2005、2010年1 km分辨率人口空间化数据。结果表明,优化模型显著提高了研究区整体的精度,尤其适用于人口空间结构内部差异较为显著的区域。  相似文献   

OSL chronology of a sedimentary sequence from the inner-shelf of the East China Sea and its implication on post-glacial deposition history     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Sedimentary records from the inner-shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) are unique for the reconstruction of post-glacial palaeoclimate and sea-level changes. So far, the chronology of sediment succession from this region has mainly been based on radiocarbon dating, which might be problematic due to reworked deposition or old carbon contamination. In this study we tested the applicability of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to a drilling core (ECS-DZ1) taken from the northern ESC. A total of 20 OSL samples and two radiocarbon samples were collected from the upper 58 m of this core. The results indicate the likely sufficient reset of OSL signal of fine-grained (4–11 μm) quartz before burial, and thus reliable chronology for the studied core sediments. For one sample, however, the extracted coarse-grained (100–200 μm) quartz overestimated the deposition age significantly, presumably resulting from partial bleaching prior to deposition. The fine-grained quartz ages are generally consistent with the stratigraphical order, and the reliability of these OSL ages are further validated by two selective robust ¹⁴C dates. The chronological framework of core ECS-DZ1 reveals striking sedimentation-rate changes. By comparison with other chronostratigraphical records, we infer that post-glacial deposition history (since ∼15 ka) of the study site is likely related to regional sea-level rise and delta-estuary environment evolution, as well as strengthened human activities and/or coastal currents.  相似文献   

中国海岸带环境地质图简介   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

孙晓明  张开军  杨齐青  杜东  方成 《中国地质调查》2015,2(5):52-55

中国海岸带环境地质图(1∶400万)在全面分析、系统总结我国海岸带环境地质调查研究成果基础上,综合反映了我国海岸带区域性地质环境基本特征、主要环境地质问题与地质灾害、近岸海域水文条件以及人类工程-经济活动强度。本文详细阐述了中国海岸带环境地质图编制的范围、主要内容及主要区域地质环境特征。  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的近海水质评价模型及其应用研究——以雷州半岛海域为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付东洋  张莹  刘大召  丁又专  栾虹  杨锋  梁晓军  黄一平 《海洋学研究》2015,33(1):45-50

为建立适用于近岸海域水质的评价模型,依照《国家海水水质标准》构建了1个包含13种水质指标信息、共计400个假设采样站位的数据样本。通过计算其KMO统计量、球形检验及相关矩阵发现,各水质指标间存在较大相关性,故可利用主成分分析方法进行分析。针对13个水质指标,仅前2个特征根大于1的主成分是有效的,且它们可以代表原假设数据81.25%的信息。利用前2个主成分建立了可完全区分四类水质的自动分类图版,即水质评价模型。根据上述水质评价模型绘制了2010年雷州半岛近岸海域的水质类型专题图。分析表明,雷州半岛的湛江港湾、鉴江口海域及铁山港区为第四类水质,东海岛西南、鉴江口外海、徐闻东北角海域、流沙湾及江洪港海域为三类水质,其它区域为一、二类水质。本研究较好地反应了雷州半岛近岸海域水质分布状况,可为该海域海洋环境综合治理及利用提供一定参考。  相似文献   

基于匀光遥感的6000年来盐城海岸演变研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

康彦彦  丁贤荣  程立刚  张晶 《地理学报》2010,65(9):1130-1136

本文研究盐城串场河一线至黄海60 km宽的海积平原海岸演变过程。对1975 年的MSS影像,进行遥感匀光处理、阈值分割等影像解译,获取了盐城海积平原古海岸演变解译图,即“斑马条纹”二值图;对19 个实测底质样品进行分析,发现海积平原呈现砂质(粗颗粒) 与淤泥质(细颗粒) 沉积相间平行的分布规律,而这一空间交替分布特征与解译图上“斑马条纹”的二值条带具有良好的对应关系;同时,搜集整理了近几十年来的盐城古海岸调查资料与研究成果,发现前人历史岸线的空间分布与“斑马条纹”整体趋势相同。综上所述,“斑马条纹”应为盐城海岸演变标志,解译出砂冈10 条,冈间低地10 条,形成了对盐城海积平原地貌沉积及海岸演变过程的新认识。  相似文献